ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Although the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis has progressively decreased all over the world, drug-resistant tuberculosis is major obstacle in treating tuberculosis. This study was performed to examine the current prevalence and risk factors of drug resistant tuberculosis in a single tertiary hospital in Busan, Korea. METHODS: We enrolled 367 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis on a retrospective basis who had undergone mycobacterium culture and drug sensitivity tests between January 2005 and December 2009. We analyzed all clinical and radiographic parameters to find predictors related to drug resistant tuberculosis. RESULTS: At least one incident of drug resistance was found in 75 (20.4%) patients. Isoniazid (18.8%) was the most frequent resistant drug, followed by rifampin (10.9%), ethambutol (7.1%), streptomycin (4.9%), and fluoroquinolone (2.7%). Resistance to second-line drugs was found in 37 (10.1%) patients. Multidrug resistance and extensively drug resistance was evident in 39 (10.6%) and 4 (1.1%) patients, respectively. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, history of previous treatment including relapse (odd ratio [OR], 11.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.92~26.08; p<0.01), treatment failure (OR, 24.1; 95% CI, 5.65~102.79; p<0.01) and an age of below 46 years-old (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.62~8.65; p<0.01) were found to be independent predictors of multidrug resistant tuberculosis. CONCLUSION: We found that the prevalence of drug resistant tuberculosis was considerably high. A careful consideration for possible drug resistant tuberculosis is warranted in patients with a history of previous treatment or for younger patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Drug Resistance , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Ethambutol , Isoniazid , Logistic Models , Mycobacterium , Prevalence , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Rifampin , Risk Factors , Streptomycin , Tertiary Care Centers , Treatment Failure , Tuberculosis , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant , Tuberculosis, PulmonaryABSTRACT
A 76-year-old Korean man living in Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, visited one University Hospital with dyspnea and abdominal pain. He has been undergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the past three years for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Abdominal pain developed 10 days ago, and became worse several days prior to coming to the emergency room. Physical examination revealed tenderness over the umbilicus. Eosinophil count was 22% without increase in the number of white blood cells. Stool examination showed adult and larval nematodes, which were subsequently identified as free-living adult worms and rhabditiform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis. Follow-up stool examination performed six days later demonstrated only rhabditiform larvae of S. stercoralis. This is the first report on the recovery of free- living adult worms from human stool in the world.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Humans , Abdominal Pain , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Dyspnea , Emergencies , Eosinophils , Follow-Up Studies , Korea , Larva , Leukocytes , Physical Examination , Strongyloides , Strongyloides stercoralis , UmbilicusABSTRACT
A 76-year-old Korean man living in Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, visited one University Hospital with dyspnea and abdominal pain. He has been undergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the past three years for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Abdominal pain developed 10 days ago, and became worse several days prior to coming to the emergency room. Physical examination revealed tenderness over the umbilicus. Eosinophil count was 22% without increase in the number of white blood cells. Stool examination showed adult and larval nematodes, which were subsequently identified as free-living adult worms and rhabditiform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis. Follow-up stool examination performed six days later demonstrated only rhabditiform larvae of S. stercoralis. This is the first report on the recovery of free- living adult worms from human stool in the world.